The following are for your study use. You must be sure to carefully use your STUDY GUIDE as the prime source for your preparation. See your teacher when you need help, always!

CLICK HERE for Regular Earth Science Semester Exam Study Guide

CLICK HERE for Regular Earth Science Final Exam Study Guide

Click HERE for Honors Final Exam Guide

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Semester Exam Study Guide: Honors Earth Science

1. General Information: The exam is Wednesday, December 14, from 9 - 10:30 am. It is 1 ½ hours long. Bring at least three #2 pencils for bubble sheet section of multiple choice questions. You may bring in ONE sheet with review notes, handwritten only! You must bring your own calculator. We will NOT supply them. Total points are +183, but may be reduced, depending on range of scores.

2. The following questions are practice questions based DIRECTLY ON THE MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST QUESTIONS. (108 pts)

Minerals:

1. How do silicon and oxygen bond when making a tetrahedron?

2. How are color, streak, luster, crystal form, and specific gravity used to identify minerals?

3. How are tetrahedrons bonded in different mineral groups (How are micas different from quartz and hornblende?)

4. Are all oxygens shared in the same ratios in all silicate minerals?

5. What common minerals have sheets, single chains, double chains, etc. as their structure?

6. What makes a carbonate different from a sulfate? an oxide different from a silicate?

7. What might be an example of the chemical formula of oxides, sulfates, carbonate? (what is the formula of hematite, which is an oxide?)

8. Are feldspars and galena in the same mineral group? tell why not!

9. Given a table of color, hardness, cleavage, luster, specific gravity, and chemical composition, could you identify a mineral?

Rock Cycle:

10. What defines an igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rock?

11. Which rocks involve lithification (of the above 3 groups?) Which are solidified from magma?

12. Why do we study TEXTURE of igneous and sedimentary rocks?

13. Are metamorphic rocks cemented? are igneous rocks eroded, dessicated, and lithified?

14. What are the textures of granite, rhyolite, obsidian, shale, and fossiliferous limestone?

Igneous Processes:

15. Dark, mafic igneous rocks have several different sets of properties when compared to light, felsic igneous rocks. What are some of these differences?

16. What are some examples of intrusive STRUCTURES and extrusive STRUCTURES?

17. How does rate of cooling affect crystal size?

18. What are the major igneous textures? Give some examples and rock names.

19. Can you read a chart (like in your lab) that shows composition and percentage of minerals in common igneous rocks?

20. Would rhyolite have the same minerals as granite?

21. What minerals are common in felsic rocks?

Sedimentary Processes:

22. What are the names and the properties of the Crosby Bluffs layers?

23. What rocks might form in deltas, dunes, flood plains, alluvial fans, and beaches?

24. Where might these form: clean sandstone, shale, gypsum, limestone, coal?

25. Does speed of a river affect the size of clastic sediments that are transported?

26. How do sediments settle in still water?

27. How. does clay behave in the ocean? settle or suspend? or both?

Metamorphic Processes:

28. What processes are involved in metamorphism?

29. What causes contact metamorphism?

30. What will the following parent rocks become under high and low grade metamorphism? Limestone, sandstone, granite and shale.

31. What is the order of metamorphism as shale is metamorphosed all the way to schist and gneiss?

32. Arrange these in order of increasing metamorphism: peat, anthracite, bituminous, lignite

3. The following terms are found on the multiple choice questions on test. They go with the  practice questions found above:

                                                              Minerals                                      Rock Cycle                                  Igneous                                 Sedimentary                           Metamorphic

4. Weathering, Soils and Erosion: (25 pts)

There will be 25 questions multiple choice questions based on your Chapter 4 in textbook and Homework Page 39 - 44 in yellow workbook. Terms that appear in the questions are:

Frost action, hydrolysis, unloading,  root wedging, sheeting, exfoliation, chemical weathering, feldspar, silica, sandstone, shale, granite, basalt, mechanical weathering, oxidation, solution, weathering, erosion, exfoliation, talus, caliche, pedocal, alluvial fan, thermal expansion, exfoliation, joints, topography, climate, regolith, organic matter, transported soil, residual soil, laterite, pedocal, pedalfer, humus, parent material, O,A,B,C horizon, eluviation, zone of accumulation, subsoil, loam, silty clay, sandy soil.

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5. Skills based on your work with Acids and Bases. You will not be required to answer all of these given below. You must CHOOSE the ones that you know best. The skills are as follows: (30 points)

A. Given a known volume of acid with a known molarity, calculate how much water must be added to produce a new molarity.

B. Given a reaction with reactants and products, write the equilibrium constant equation for the reaction, and calculate K_eq

C. Find hydrogen ion concentration, given the pH of a solution.

D. Find pH of a solution, given the pOH of the solution.

E. Given a titration curve of a strong acid, calculate the molarity of the acid when given the curve created by the addition of a known molarity of a strong base to the  acid.

 

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5. There will be TWO ESSAY questions that are on the Honors Exam (chosen by drawing from the list below at test time). They are 10 points each. You will be expected to spend 10 minutes on each (3/4 page) minimum for 10 points. The questions will be EXACTLY as given below: (20 pts total)

Question Number:

1. Some minerals are "put together" by combining polyatomic ions with certain metals. You will be given the chemical formulae for two minerals that fit this description, and you will tell how they "go together". You must use electron dot notation and use the concepts of ionic and covalent bonding in your answer. You will be given a periodic table to use during the test.

2. The types of igneous rocks that form are ultimately due to the nature of the oceanic crust and the continental crust. This is because the magma that generates the igneous rocks is not always the same. Also, the intrusive and extrusive processes are not identical. Tell why this is, and give examples of specific rock types and specific igneous structures.

3. A sample of soil is flown in from Arizona. The owner of the land (Mr. Ertl) says that the soil is from an alluvial fan at the base of the Hualapai Mountains. Mr. Ertl has a pump and will have plenty of water to apply to his orange tree grove. What data would a soil scientist use to convince him of the future success of of his orchard operation?

4. Creating calcite as a sediment by precipitation from seawater is not easy. Give the CHEMICAL REACTIONS that are involved, and tell how they work in the REAL WORLD. Then tell how BIOCHEMICAL processes create calcite and limestone on a LARGE SCALE.

Click HERE for Honors Final Exam Guide